Born in South Africa, Labuschagne migrated with his family to Brisbane in 2004 and entered the Queensland Cricket underage system when he was 11.

The top-order batsman made his first-class debut in the opening round of the 2014–15 Marsh Shield campaign, aged 20, grinding out 83 runs against South Australia. Despite only making his Test debut in 2018, Labuschagne’s career in whites well and truly took off in 2019 when after an unexpected Ashes cameo he ended up being the world’s leading run-scorer in Tests for the calendar year, secured by a home season which included four centuries from five matches, including a double-century.

The right-hand batsman, who also bowls part-time leg breaks, was part of Queensland's triumphant Marsh Shield side in March 2018 and finished the season as the competition's second-highest run-scorer with 795 runs, including two hundreds and four fifties.